This is somewhat compounded by the fact that Phantombuster’s business model is based on machine time used. There are probably good reasons that we don’t know, but we have always been a little disappointed by the speed of phantoms. Scraping Linkedin locally may not be very sexy, but it’s really much easier to get 10,000 lines.Ī machine efficiency issue that is difficult to understand Scaling up requires the use of rather complex technologies (proxies, multi-accounts, …) which also represent a cost that should not be neglected. The cost of maintenance and setup is also rather higher.The risk of detection is higher, which forces more conservative behaviour.The full cloud philosophy is very convincing on paper, but in reality it is a very significant additional cost: You can set up as many proxies and complicated processes as you want, but Linkedin will still have a much harder time detecting strange activity if it comes from the same machine and IP as “normal” activity. The main issue with the full cloud is the ease of detecting abnormal activity on social networks. Detailed explanations below □ The trade-off: the cost of the full cloud We’re less of a fan of this, but it can be defended in some cases. The alternative is to use the built-in tool to chain Phantombuster scenarios. Conceptually, it’s very, very compelling. Running the data through proprietary spreadsheets allows you to inject human validation processes and intelligently mix robots & humans. There will always be noise, empty results at best, and false positives at worst. The data will automatically update every 2 hours as long as the Phantom is running.īy automating, we will never achieve 100% accuracy. To obtain this link, simply click on the “Copy Link” button on the CSV file of your results located under the “Files” section on a page in the Phantom console. To import the results file into Google Sheets, first open a Google Sheet and use the =IMPORTDATA function with the CSV link as an argument. ![]() By importing this data systematically into Google Sheets, it will be updated at each new launch. If your Phantom is set up with repeated automatic launches, your CSV file will be updated with each launch. ![]() The 100% cloud philosophy and the super management of inputs/outputs allows you to build almost perfect flows, while keeping the hand on the process. This is one of the most powerful aspects of the solution in our opinion, and yet not well documented. Using Phantombuster with Google sheets allows you to create (almost) perfect workflow processes You can also, for example, extract professional emails from your LinkedIn connections and then automatically integrate the resulting information into your HubSpot CRM tool. You can also use the following workflow that enriches your CRM tool with your Linkedin relationships: The same exists with Sales Navigator which allows you to extract contacts from an advanced search URL on Linkedin : And there you have it, a list of prospecting emails ready to use! Simply extract the profiles of people in your LinkedIn search results, and use the scraping option to extract only verified professional emails. If you don’t particularly want to reinvent the wheel, Phantombuster also offers ready-made workflows, most of which are quite well thought out.įor example, you can turn a LinkedIn search into an email list by following this Phantombuster scenario: This is a real particularity of Phantombuster, compared to other more “packaged” solutions such as waalaxy, dux-soup, linkedhelper, …) which are much more rigid, because they are focused on use cases imagined by the product team. For each imaginable object on Linkedin (post, people, company, comment, invitation, …), each possible action is available in the form of a phantom. The design of the phantoms is also very efficient. We counted about 30 of them, just for Linkedin! The phantom library is very deep, and this is a real feature of Phantombuster, which offers very “atomic” things to allow you to get only what you want, and imagine original things. You send an input, and it returns an output.įor example, you give the URL of a Linkedin post, and the phantom returns a list of Linkedin profiles that have commented on that post. Phantombuster is primarily a sales automation tool, a bit like Apify or Captain Data.Ī phantom works like an API route. ![]() #3 Use phantombuster to automate actions on Linkedin. ![]()
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If you were in college in 2016, this was basically a nostalgia festival the same way Just Like Heaven is for blog-rock fans. Swae Lee with a message to college students at Lyrical Lemonade Summer Smash in Chicago. Twista is ancient history to this crowd, so I was pleasantly surprised at the rapturous response. Supa Bwe introduced his last song by yelling “Fuck 12, fuck CPD!” with knowing venom, then brought out local hero Twista to perform his 2004 track “Overnight Celebrity.” “Chi-town legend!” a white woman in the audience yelled as the guest emerged. Femdot rapped his dextrous verses without any backing vocals and led the crowd in a Pivot Gang chant in tribute to Squeak, who was murdered just a few days before the festival began, causing his friend and collaborator Saba to withdraw from the lineup. “The crowd was really feeling me, and I feel the love and support, and that’s something that I didn’t feel in the beginning, but it showed here.”īank$ was one of a dozen or so Chicago rappers on the bill, signs of the festival organizers’ roots in the city. “It was really life-changing for me, because I am a new artist, so it was definitely crazy to go and perform in front of my city,” she said. Speaking after her set, she gushed about the importance of doing her first festival set at home. ![]() Baha Bank$ opened the fest on the Lenny’s Tent side stage by performing her twerk anthems accompanied by two back-up dancers in matching jewel tone costumes. Most of the rappers on the bill didn’t rap their verses so much as hype up their own pre-recorded tracks. While waiting in line for a food truck at one point, I saw a mixtape CD laying in the dirt it may as well have been a fossil. ![]() I was atypical for several reasons: wearing a mask, hanging in the back of the crowd, and old enough to remember where I was on 9/11. Solorio told the Chicago Tribune they sold tickets for 30,000 attendees a day, a racially diverse mix of college-aged partiers and a few chaperoning parents. It’s rare to see a hip-hop focused festival beyond the Rolling Loud franchise, especially in Chicago, but the niche is working for SS. The brand’s blog continues to spotlight upcoming and unsigned artists, a vital curator for a generation of hip-hop that begins with the “Soundcloud rap” wave immortalized in XXL’s 2016 Freshman Class. Lyrical Lemonade has built a dedicated fanbase thanks to Bennett’s distinctive neon animation flourishes and ear for young talent the 25-year-old videographer filmed the clip for Juice WRLD’s breakout hit “Lucid Dreams” and has kept launching stars since. ![]() ![]() Last weekend was the third installment of Summer Smash in Chicago’s Douglass Park, a festival co-owned by Cole Bennett’s music video company and brand Lyrical Lemonade and Berto Solorio’s promotion company SPKRBX. Or, to quote a beloved Gen Z children’s song, “My world’s on fire, how about yours? That’s the way I like it and I never get bored.” Yes Virginia, they do sell edibles here. Summer Smash understands the ethos of its college-aged target market, smuggling gray market vape cartridges in their Vlone tees and Perc 30 basketball jerseys: Things are bad, let’s rage while we can. The second thing I saw was a kid with a patchy goatee exclaim “They sell edibles here?” at the sight of delta8 joints and brownies for sale at one of the vendor tents. The first thing I saw inside the gates of the Lyrical Lemonade Summer Smash was a memorial: a painted mural of Squeak PIVOT, Juice WRLD, and King Von, three musicians with little in common besides their city of origin and their untimely deaths. red and gold bokeh on a dark background christmas and new year holidays background blurred bokeh. All of these Gold Bokeh background and pictures are for free download on Pngtree. Whether it’s a traditional Christmas scene, a whimsical design, or a festive collage, these wallpapers are sure to brighten up any device and truly make it feel like the most wonderful time of the year. Pngtree provides you with 2,704 free hd Gold Bokeh background images, photos, banners and wallpaper. These high-quality wallpapers not only provide visually appealing aesthetics but also serve as a delightful reminder of the joy and warmth that the holiday season brings. With a vast range of options to choose from, individuals can effortlessly enhance their device screens and immerse themselves in the Christmas spirit. In conclusion, the availability of top 999+ Merry Christmas HD wallpapers in full HD and 4K resolution, free to use, adds an exciting element to the festive season. ![]() ![]() So, get ready to immerse yourself in the magic of Christmas and browse through our vast collection of captivating wallpapers that will undoubtedly enhance your holiday festivities. Whether you’re looking to adorn your computer, smartphone, or tablet, these festive and high-quality wallpapers will undoubtedly elevate your holiday spirit and provide a delightful visual experience for the season. And what better way to spread the holiday cheer than through beautiful and captivating wallpapers that bring the essence of Christmas straight to your digital screens? In this article, we present to you the top 999+ Merry Christmas HD wallpapers, available in full HD and stunning 4K resolution, all entirely free to use. ![]() You are viewing the article Top 999+ Merry Christmas Hd Wallpaper Full HD, 4K✅Free to Use at you can quickly access the necessary information in the table of contents of the article below.Ĭhristmas is a joyous time of year filled with love, laughter, and the spirit of giving. On an escape trajectory, with a considerable head start, I managed to catch and dock with my escaping Moho ship, and refuel it sufficiently to enter Kerbin orbit, and save the tug, before either of them reached the Mün's orbit, and I did all that without using a single manoeuvre node!Īfter docking with my space station in LKO, the 3 kerbonauts are back home and relaxing in the astronaut complex. This is the point where I'm glad I've spent some time polishing my rendezvous skills. There is minimal non-destination science or biome hopping, and each mission gets you progressively further into the Kerbol system. Thankfully I have a nuclear tug hanging around in LKO for ferrying supplies to my Mün base, and even better, it was currently close to the point at which the Moho mission hit periapsis. So here you have my Logical Progression Science Mode guide. If I was going to mount a rescue, it had to be fast! ![]() Oops! Flight time to the Mün's orbit was merely 1 hour. In vain, I burned my remaining fuel trying desperately to stop, then used up all the mono prop, and was still hundreds of metres per second above escape velocity as I shot out of the atmosphere and back into an escape trajectory. As can be seen, the ship is coming in very fast and a periapsis of 38 km isn't enough to get it even close to under escape velocity, let alone into a decent orbit. Pro Tip: It is not a good idea to continue burning until you get an escape trajectory out of Kerbin. Keep in mind that this method does require more fuel to complete. Wait as long as you need to to get ideal positioning to save fuel. An easier way to do this is to just burn upwards from launch sending you straghit up to an escape trajectory (about 2,000km). Fine, I'll aerocapture, dock with my station, and ferry the brave kerbonauts down. When it comes to rendezvous, yes, time warp can be your friend. ![]() ![]() I used drop tanks to get there, leaving me with loads of Delta Vs, or so I thought, to return, after docking with my mothership and discarding the lander:Īfter burning for Kerbin and correcting the plane, I had a periapsis of about 38km with 500m/s of delta V left. So I went to Moho and put boots on the ground! yay! The engine sounds of the vehicles are realistic, and players will feel the power of their vehicles as they rev their engines and accelerate down the streets of the city. The sound effects and background music in MadOut2 BigCityOnline are top-notch and add to the overall immersive experience. The game’s day-night cycle and weather effects, including rain and fog, add to the realism of the game. The game’s visuals are stunning, with detailed car models and realistic environments that provide a thrilling gameplay experience. MadOut2 BigCityOnline boasts impressive graphics that bring the open-world city to life. Players can also use melee weapons like chainsaws and baseball bats to take down their opponents. The game has a variety of weapons, including machine guns, rocket launchers, and grenades. WeaponsĪnother exciting feature of MadOut2 BigCityOnline is its extensive collection of weapons that players can use to destroy enemy vehicles and gain an advantage in combat. Players can also customize their vehicles by adding various upgrades such as engine upgrades, turbochargers, and nitrous oxide systems to gain an edge in races and battles. Each vehicle has its unique set of stats, including top speed, acceleration, handling, and health. The game has a wide range of cars, trucks, and even tanks that players can drive and customize. One of the key features of MadOut2 BigCityOnline is its impressive collection of vehicles. Players can choose to play the game in single-player mode or join online multiplayer battles with other players from around the world. The game offers various game modes, including races, deathmatches, and car battles. The gameplay of MadOut2 BigCityOnline is centered around an open-world city where players can drive a variety of vehicles, race against other players, and engage in intense vehicular combat. Thereby affirming the successful and quality re-appearance of the old MadOut brand seems to have never diminished over the years. Although it has just been released, it has achieved more than 10 million downloads and more than 500 thousand compliments from users on Google Play. MadOut2 BigCityOnline is an open-world racing game published by Madout Game. In this detailed description, we will explore the game’s various categories and features. It is available on both Android and iOS platforms and offers a wide range of gameplay features that are sure to keep players entertained for hours. All external changes are visible to other players!ĥ.MadOut2 BigCityOnline is a racing and action-packed open-world game developed by MadOut Games. Vinyl System: Make your own masterpiece on the hood of your car. All customization affects the control and speed of your vehicle!Ĥ. Detailed technical customization of the vehicle: engine, suspension, tires, etc. A variety of choices: from farm tractor to premium cars!ģ. More than 70 types of cars - enough for everyone!Ģ. ![]() Advanced appearance customization: hairstyles, beards, accessories, etc.ģ. Possibility to choose gender and basic appearance.Ģ. Crave for mass shootings in video games? Go to Cops vs Bandits!ġ. Ready to quench your thirst for speed and put your driving skills to a test? Welcome to Racing and Parkour! Want to create your own stories with other players? Role Play for you, friend! Can’t stand any restrictions? Your choice is Free Roam! Many servers for multiplayer with different game modes: You won’t get tired of walking: a variety of cars to discover the world! Buy your cool car and take a ride! Driving or racing in this game is absolutely awesome! Dress up for the post-Soviet thug life!Ĥ. Unique style: post-Soviet aesthetics, familiar to many. Streets, hood, your own world! Control it and make your gang stronger.ģ. Different locations: from large city to wild desert. A vast open world without restrictions in movement or actions: and it fits in your smartphone!Ģ. ![]() ![]() The unique game experience with the open world:ġ. Online jobs: earn money together in a single world! Be a serious gangstar boss or lawful civilian guy! More than 30 story missions with awesome plot twists with insane crimes and mafia RP elements.ģ. Play with other players online in multiplayer mode (up to 200 on the server!) and in single player mode offline.Ģ. Ready to be the next Big City Legend? Become a real gangster and join the crazy MadOut2 online family!ġ. Complete freedom of action and communication with other players surrounded by visceral stylish Eastern Europe locations. If you do decide to use grass, a good tip is to make a small drainage ditch first, about six or eight inches away from the pond. Turf can be successfully used if the lawn is to extend right up to the pond and letting the grass beside the pond grow longer creates the right effect, particularly for a wildlife pond as well as making it easier for frogs and other visitors to make their way in and out of the water. ![]() Careful planting is key to a natural looking edge, with marginal plants and pond edge plants helping to blur the hard edges between the pond and the garden. ![]() However, this is more difficult to do as the cement needs to go right up to the pond’s edge and, of course, will need to be sealed, but this kind of edging can be a very striking feature if your concreting skills are up to it and the starkness can be softened with appropriate planting. Informal pond edgingįor a more informal pond, large pebbles or rockery stones set into a concrete pad make a change from the more usual slabs – and avoid any problems of trapped wildlife. Alternatively, if the cement bed is deep enough, a few large pipes can be laid beneath the paving slabs, to act as escape tunnels. Finding little drowned bodies floating there the next morning is not a pleasant sight – but a strategically placed log or stone to act as a ramp can usually solve the problem without spoiling the over all look. Garden ponds attract a wide range of creatures, especially at night and inevitably from time to time, something will fall in. Slabs which have been laid with no gaps between them will need some provision to be made to let animals get out, even if it is not a wildlife pond as such. If the cement around the finished edge is ever likely to come into contact with the water, it should be waterproofed with a proper sealant made for the purpose – and care should be taken when doing the work that no cement is allowed to run into the pond. They should be laid slightly overhanging the pond by an inch or so – the shade helps protect the liner from being damaged by the UV in sunlight – and bedded into a firm concrete bed, to stop them being tipped up by anyone walking near the edge. Paving slabs form one of the most popular materials for edging and if done well, look very good, especially around a semi-formal pond. What should be the depth of the edge of a pond?.How can you decorate around a farm pond?.Is it necessary to put rocks around a pond?.How can you edge a preformed pond in the UK?. ![]() How can you hide the edge of a preformed pond?.What is the best material for lining a pond?.Further reading: All about pond edging. To ensure that your engine will not lose horsepower, you need to install a good EGR delete software after you remove the EGR valve. Using an EGR delete kit on a diesel motor might actually cause a reduction in horsepower, because it’s not designed to work that way. However, modern motors arent always going to have the same benefits. This cleaner air allows for more horsepower. ![]() In the older generations, the engines have a flaw, allowing for a bypassed route to supply cleaner air to the mixture. The EGR delete kit works much better with an older diesel motor. This will also cause you to run into some legal issues when doing an EGR delete, which I will discuss a little further down in the article. ![]() If you have a yearly smoke test where you live, you can also run into problems if you removed the EGR system, and your car may not pass the smoke check. If you remove the EGR system, it’s therefore also quite obvious that it will be bad for the environment when the exhaust gases are not reused. This is to reduce emissions from the engine and ensure the car will pass all emission tests. The whole purpose of the EGR valve is to recirculate some of the exhaust gases back into the engine again for another combustion. RELATED: Muffler Delete: Pros & Cons (and Average Cost) EGR Delete Cons 1. Without it, there’s nothing to budget for. When the EGR system becomes damaged or defective, you could look at a hefty repair bill. Without the EGR valve intact, you have fewer repairs to worry about. It isn’t just the optimized motor that keeps more money in your pocket. Without clogs and soot buildup, there’s less to go wrong with the motor, ensuring you can drive more miles. You’ll notice a jump in efficiency, and the temperatures will remain normal.īecause of these two perks alone, you can expect a longer engine life overall. With the EGR delete re-routing the exhaust gas away from the engine, everything starts to run a little cleaner. Your engine will run at normal temperatures, and you no longer have to worry about clogs. However, when the EGR system is bypassed, there is less soot buildup. Because of this problem, temperatures in the motor naturally begin to rise, and you could notice a lack of power. If the coolers or valves become clogged, the exhaust gases find a way around, thereby leading to a blockage. Reduces Engine TemperatureĮGR valves are known to hold a lot of soot. With the right aftermarket kit installed, you could see a small boost to the fuel economy, thereby helping you save money at the pump. In some cases, sending the exhaust gas away from the engine can prove to be more valuable. However, this system isn’t always the most efficient option. ![]() The purpose of the EGR system is to redirect exhaust gases back into the engine to be reused. I will discuss what happens with newer cars in a moment. These models have fewer sensors and systems set up to regulate what happens during an imbalance. To get the most boost, an EGR delete should be done on an older vehicle. ![]() In many engine types, this boost is only going to increase the horsepower noticed from the motor. When you remove the EGR system from a car, the engine’s air-fuel mixture gets a big boost in oxygen density. RELATED: 6 Symptoms of a Bad EGR Valve (& Replacement Cost) EGR Delete Pros 1. However, there are also plenty of disadvantages that must be considered before determining whether this is the right path. When considering whether to perform an EGR delete, there are several advantages that make it appealing. If you have a modern car, you will also need to reprogram the ECM software to work without the EGR system. When you do an EGR delete, you remove the EGR valve and replace it with a part that blocks the EGR passages. Typically, these exhaust gases would be used in the engine for further combustion. The EGR valve gets removed, so exhaust gases get re-routed from the engine. The EGR delete simply means that the vehicle’s exhaust gas recirculation system has been removed to make room for an aftermarket kit. The dialog is well crafted and uniquely laden with modern mannerisms and cursing, and yet it has a certain appeal. Where ELEX 2 does succeed is creating an intriguing and believable world, through its writing and occasional player choices. The game does run into annoyances in its second half, where all your quests become treks to every far corner of the world, or having to eliminate a random large group of enemies, which gets repetitive. The story carries a decent pace, and the quests will take you around the map to every faction eventually. There are even quick flashbacks, though they often don't have enough detail. He will also encounter many characters from the previous game, who will be quick to remind him of their differences and personal history. And the Clerics and the Morkons are two factions that place their beliefs above all else. The Berserkers and the Outlaws are rough and tough groups that do things their own way. As far as factions go, there's the Albs, emotionless people who Jax was once a part of. The scientist promises to help Jax find a cure for his infection, if in return he helps form a new faction and unite the others in the fight against the aliens.įrom here begins a lengthy narrative as Jax visits every faction in this open world, trying to win their favor and perhaps even join them as a member, all the while gaining companion allies and building up forces at the base called The Bastion. Now suffering from an unknown ailment and without support, he encounters a scientist who is trying to stop the alien threat as well. One day, that threat finally arrives in the form of apparent alien life forms named Skyands, and in his first encounter with them he manages to get infected. After pretty much saving the fantasy world of Magalan in the first game, Jax has been trying to warn people about the new looming threat, but nobody took him seriously. It's the first of many, many unique choices that the game makes that may appeal or discourage fans of more traditional western RPGs. He is a defined character, so there's no visual customization at all. Players once again assume the role of a gruffly voiced protagonist named Jax. For newcomers, the sequel could have done a better job of bringing them up to speed on the events and characters of that world, especially given that many return. But lately they have begun to come out of their isolation and seek to spread their religion throughout Magalan, destroying all who oppose them.Įach of the playable factions in ELEX 2 offers their own unique weapons and skills.ELEX 2 takes place some time after the events of the first game. When a meteorite fell on Magalan, some of the survivors fled into the underground tunnel system and have lived in darkness and hardship ever since. The clerics not only lost their home in Ignadon, but many of them fell on the battlefield. ![]() Faction number four is the clerics, who are famous for their love of engineering and the creation of powerful combat robots powered by Elex. Their fate is not the most joyful existence, but martial prowess makes them an interesting choice. ![]() The Albs drastically reduced their use of Elex after the destruction of the Hybrid, as they realized the effectiveness of emotions. The Albs learned from their defeat during the events of Elex 1 and returned as a playable faction. They managed to turn the desert of Tavar into a Garden of Eden and established an outpost in a former outcast fort, which, in turn, can be found all over the world - some joined the berserkers after the capture of Tavar, others moved to the craters of Ateris and continued their life of crime. Berserkers are skilled mages who use the power of Elex to fuel all sorts of spells. ![]() There’s no need to throw away prised bathroom accessories, but their organisation is critical. However, the ambience of the zen bathroom should have an overarching sense of tidiness. It is concerned with something entirely different. The most important basic considerations when creating the zen bathroom environment include the following. It follows that by thinking about the space holistically, Zen becomes much more attainable. Our connection with the world around us is only perceived through our senses. Zen philosophy aims to achieve insight into the nature of the mind and the world around us through the practice of daily rituals. That is sight, sound, touch, smell and taste at least four of these should be manageable. We recommend including as many of the five senses as possible within the zen bathroom. The zen bathroom aims to create the ideal conditions for achieving this state of mindfulness through a series of design choices. Even 5 minutes a day dedicated to quiet inner reflection can make a difference to our mental wellbeing. Zen recognises the privacy of the bathroom experience as a way of grabbing a moment in the day for ourselves. With regard to how the principles of Zen affect interior design generally, and bathroom design specifically, it’s all about creating the right mood and ambience for mindfulness. The practise of Zen is synonymous with meditation, the pursuit of insight into both ourselves and the world around us. Zen developed as a philosophy in its own right as it spread across Asia during an era that we in Europe refer to as the Dark Ages. The origins of Zen can be traced back to the Buddhist religion that emerged in China over a thousand years ago. Nowadays, Zen is a catch-all term that combines Eastern and Western cultural influences. ![]() What is Zen, and in what ways does it influence bathroom design? The modern bath pool is reminiscent of a traditional ofuro-soaking tub but has many modern day bennefits, like chromatherapy, hydrothermal, and ozone therapy.įor additional zen inspiration, take a look at the book “The Japanese Bath”, by Bruce Smith and Yoshiko Yamamoto.Metropolitan Caliza 80×80 ( Available online & in-store) The soft opaque shoji like screens offer privacy and a soft filtered light. Take in the surrounding water and natural air. ![]() Simply breathtaking! Layers of texture and forms showcase the simplicity of the pool. Finished with a restful view sure to help anyone unwind and refocus. This truly has to be house bliss! The tranquil water pool becomes the focal point, while balanced with the fabulous wood inspired shower. Simple furniture and architecture keep it clean and uncluttered.ĭesign: D. The natural color palette is balanced with the crisp white linens and soft wood tones. Check out these inspiration images!įeel well-rested and at peace in this spa zen inspired bedroom. These key concepts will help transform your space into your own spa escape, keeping it timeless, tranquil, and well-balanced. Achieve a new sense of tranquility and meditation by eliminating unnecessary objects. Emphasis the idea of balance where-ever you look from the use of color, form, and texture with-in the space. ![]() The use of soft wood tones and natural light help achieve balance by bringing the outdoors within. Don’t underestimate the power of natural light and organics. The use of minimal color allows for the focus to be on the individual rather than the interior. Focus on a warm earthy neutral color palette that is simple. These characteristics truly define what a Zen inspired interior is. Refined simplicity, warmth, organics, multi-layer linear forms and textures, and most of all balance, balance, and balance. Looking to transform your interior into a place of refuge against the chaos of today’s world? It’s easier than you think to make your home into a SPA HOME. ![]() When available, the clinical microbiology laboratory should provide cumulative results of the in vitro susceptibility test results for antimicrobial drugs used in resident hospitals to the physician as periodic reports that describe the susceptibility profile of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. It has no activity against Pseudomonas species. Nitrofurantoin is not active against most strains of Proteus species or Serratia species. However, the efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treating clinical infections due to these microorganisms has not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials.Ĭoagulase-negative staphylococci (including Staphylococcus epidermidis) Īerobic and facultative Gram-positive microorganisms:Īerobic and facultative Gram-negative microorganisms:Īt least 90 percent of the following microorganisms exhibit an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for nitrofurantoin. Nitrofurantoin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following bacteria both in vitro and in clinical infections. Cross-resistance with antibiotics and sulfonamides has not been observed, and transferable resistance is, at most, a very rare phenomenon. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown.ĭevelopment of resistance to nitrofurantoin has not been a significant problem since its introduction in 1953. The broad-based nature of this mode of action may explain the lack of acquired bacterial resistance to nitrofurantoin, as the necessary multiple and simultaneous mutations of the target macromolecules would likely be lethal to the bacteria.Īntagonism has been demonstrated in vitro between nitrofurantoin and quinolone antimicrobials. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal in urine at therapeutic doses. As a result of such inactivations, the vital biochemical processes of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and cell wall synthesis are inhibited. Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates which inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of nitrofurantoin is unusual among antibacterials. Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent with activity against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. ![]() When nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsules are administered with food, the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin is increased by approximately 40%. Nitrofurantoin is highly soluble in urine, to which it may impart a brown color. Plasma nitrofurantoin concentrations after a single oral dose of the 100 mg nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsules are low, with peak levels usually less than 1 mcg/mL. Approximately 20-25% of a single dose of nitrofurantoin is recovered from the urine unchanged over 24 hours. Based on urinary pharmacokinetic data, the extent and rate of urinary excretion of nitrofurantoin from the 100 mg nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsule are similar to those of the 50 mg or 100 mg nitrofurantoin macrocrystals capsule. The remaining 75% is nitrofurantoin monohydrate contained in a powder blend which, upon exposure to gastric and intestinal fluids, forms a gel matrix that releases nitrofurantoin over time. Twenty-five percent is macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin, which has slower dissolution and absorption than nitrofurantoin monohydrate.
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